Effects of climate change

Weather extremes

On average, storms last 60% longer and have wind speeds 15% higher in the 2000s than they did in the 1950s Pearce, 215

In Glacier Bay (AK), ice front surveyed by Cook in late 1700s retreated 50 miles by 1980s Montgomery, 32
Glacier National Park in the late 1800s had over 150 glaciers, 35 in 2005, at current rates 0 by 2030 Diamond, 37
As of May 2014, glacier melt in a section of West Antarctica (~the size of France) "appears unstoppable"Klein, 16

The percentage of Earth's land area stricken by serious drought has more than doubled in 30 years. In the 1970s, it was less than 15% of the land; by the early 2000s, it was more than 30% Pearce, 173
There is a correlation between droughts in the western United States, South America, parts of Europe, and Central Asia Pearce, 173
Droughts affect 30% of China's cropland every year Diamond, 367
China is short on water, especially in the north. Water supply in the north is 1/5 per capita that it is in the south; shortages occasionally halt industrial production. 2/3 of city + irrigation water is from groundwater aquifers, which are beginning to salinate in coastal areas and collapse in emptier inland ones Diamond, 365

Desertification: forces massive migration of villages (and cities) Larsson
In order to stop desertification, you need to make something that will catch sand and keep it from blowing past its borders and taking in more land. E.g. wall of trees Larsson
Around the Sahara, people are often poor and will chop down trees planted as sandbreak for firewood. Larsson proposes sandbreak made of sandstone, hardened by some bugs Larsson

If the West Antarctic ice sheet disintegrates (could take centuries), the sea level will rise 3-5m Klein, 16
Major cities that will likely disappear under a rising ocean: Boston, New York, Los Angeles, Vancouver, London, Mumbai, Hong Kong, Shanghai Klein, 14
Wet places will get wetter; drought-stricken places will get drier as the course of global warming continues. The air will be overall more humid. Pearce, 174

[aggarwal]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040619013001917 "Aggarwal, Sonia and Harvey, Hal. 'Rethinking Energy Policy to Deliver a Clean Energy Future.' Energy Innovation, 2013."